Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biochemistry4h 34m
2. Water3h 23m
3. Amino Acids8h 10m
4. Protein Structure10h 4m
5. Protein Techniques14h 5m
6. Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics13h 38m
7. Enzyme Inhibition and Regulation 8h 42m
8. Protein Function 9h 41m
9. Carbohydrates7h 49m
10. Lipids5h 49m
11. Biological Membranes and Transport 6h 37m
12. Biosignaling9h 45m
Review 1: Nucleic Acids, Lipids, & Membranes2h 47m
Review 2: Biosignaling, Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, & PP-Pathway3h 12m
Review 3: Pyruvate & Fatty Acid Oxidation, Citric Acid Cycle, & Glycogen Metabolism2h 26m
Review 4: Amino Acid Oxidation, Oxidative Phosphorylation, & Photophosphorylation1h 48m

4. Protein Structure

Peptide Bond

Biochemistry

4. Protein Structure

Peptide Bond

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Multiple Choice

Would you expect any of the side chains in a typical peptide to undergo hydrolysis under physiological conditions?

All amino acid side chains are hydrolyzed before peptide bond formation.

No, side chains generally do not undergo hydrolysis under physiological conditions.

Yes, all side chains are readily hydrolyzed under physiological conditions.

Only the peptide bonds in the backbone undergo hydrolysis, not the side chains.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the concept of hydrolysis: Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction where water is used to break bonds. In the context of peptides, hydrolysis typically refers to the cleavage of peptide bonds in the backbone, not the side chains.

Review the structure of amino acids: Amino acids have a backbone consisting of an amine group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), and a unique side chain (R group). The peptide bond forms between the amine group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another.

Consider physiological conditions: Physiological conditions refer to the environment within living organisms, typically characterized by neutral pH (~7.4), moderate temperature (~37°C), and the presence of enzymes. Under these conditions, peptide bonds can be hydrolyzed by specific enzymes (e.g., proteases), but side chains are generally stable.

Evaluate the chemical properties of side chains: Amino acid side chains vary in structure and reactivity. While some side chains may participate in chemical reactions (e.g., phosphorylation, oxidation), hydrolysis of side chains is not a common occurrence under physiological conditions.

Conclude based on the information: The correct answer is that only peptide bonds in the backbone undergo hydrolysis under physiological conditions, not the side chains. This is because side chains are generally stable and do not readily undergo hydrolysis in this environment.