Multiple Choice
Which nutrient(s) are absorbed into the lymphatic system before entering the bloodstream?
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10. Cell Signaling
Introduction to Cell Signaling
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During the first step in a signal transduction pathway involving cyclic AMP (cAMP), which of the following events occurs?
A
A ligand binds to a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) on the cell surface.
B
Adenylyl cyclase converts ATP to cAMP.
C
Phosphodiesterase degrades cAMP to AMP.
D
Protein kinase A is activated by cAMP.
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of signal transduction pathways: Signal transduction is the process by which a cell responds to external signals, often involving a series of molecular events that amplify and transmit the signal inside the cell.
Identify the role of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in signal transduction: cAMP is a secondary messenger that helps relay signals from the cell surface to intracellular targets, often activating specific proteins like protein kinase A.
Recognize the role of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs): GPCRs are membrane proteins that detect extracellular ligands (such as hormones or neurotransmitters) and initiate intracellular signaling cascades.
Determine the sequence of events in the cAMP pathway: The first step involves the binding of a ligand to the GPCR, which activates the associated G protein. This activation leads to the stimulation of adenylyl cyclase, which converts ATP to cAMP.
Clarify the incorrect options: Adenylyl cyclase converting ATP to cAMP, phosphodiesterase degrading cAMP to AMP, and protein kinase A activation by cAMP are subsequent steps in the pathway, not the initial event.
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