33. Plant Anatomy

Most of the growth of a plant body is the result of

a. Cell differentiation

b. Morphogenesis

c. Cell division

d. Cell elongation

Heartwood and sapwood consist of

a. Bark

b. Periderm

c. Secondary xylem

d. Secondary phloem

How are Okazaki fragments synthesized?

a. By using the leading-strand template, and synthesizing 5'→3'

b. By using the leading-strand template, and synthesizing 3'→5'

c. By using the lagging-strand template, and synthesizing 5'→3'

d. By using the lagging-strand template, and synthesizing 3'→5'.

Which statement best characterizes primary growth?

a. It does not occur in roots, only in shoots.

b. It leads to the development of cork tissue.

c. It produces the dermal, ground, and vascular tissues.

d. It produces rings of xylem, phloem, and cork tissue.

Which statement concerning grafting is correct?

a. Stocks and scions refer to twigs of different species.

b. Stocks and scions must come from unrelated species.

c. Stocks provide root systems for grafting.

d. Grafting creates new species.

The phase change of an apical meristem from the juvenile to the mature vegetative phase is often revealed by

a. A change in the morphology of the leaves produced

b. The initiation of secondary growth

c. The formation of lateral roots

d. The activation of floral meristem identity genes

Telomerase synthesizes DNA in the _____ direction.

Which statement best characterizes secondary growth?

a. It results from cell divisions in the vascular and cork cambia.

b. It increases the length of the plant stem.

c. It results from divisions in the apical meristem cells.

d. It often produces phloem cells to the inside and xylem cells to the outside of the vascular cambium.

The vascular cambium gives rise to

a. All xylem

b. All phloem

c. Primary xylem and phloem

d. Secondary xylem and phloem

Suppose a flower had normal expression of genes A and C and expression of gene B in all four whorls. Based on the ABC hypothesis, what would be the structure of that flower, starting at the outermost whorl?

a. Carpel-petal-petal-carpel

b. Petal-petal-stamen-stamen

c. Sepal-carpel-carpel-sepal

d. Sepal-sepal-carpel-carpel

Which of the following arise(s), directly or indirectly, from meristematic activity?

a. Secondary xylem

b. Leaves

c. Dermal tissue

d. All of the above

Analyze the following statements about DNA synthesis. Select True or False for each statement.

T/FAn RNA polymerase is essential for DNA synthesis.

T/FOkazaki fragments would be unnecessary if DNA polymerase could synthesize DNA in both the 3'→5' and 5'→3' directions.

T/FDNA ligase is used more frequently on the lagging strand than on the leading strand.

T/FToposiomerase is required to separate the two strands of DNA at the replication fork.

What aspect of DNA structure makes it possible for the proteins of nucleotide excision repair to recognize many different types of DNA damage?

(d) the regularity of DNA's structure

What aspect of DNA structure makes it possible for the proteins of nucleotide excision repair to recognize many different types of DNA damage?

(c) the energy differences between correct and incorrect base pairs

What aspect of DNA structure makes it possible for the proteins of nucleotide excision repair to recognize many different types of DNA damage?

(b) the antiparallel orientation of strands in the double helix