Textbook Question
What is the highest oxidation state for each of the elements from Sc to Zn?
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Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry
McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Chemical Tools: Experimentation & Measurement143
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules & Ions134
- Ch.3 - Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions149
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution157
- Ch.5 - Periodicity & Electronic Structure of Atoms92
- Ch.6 - Ionic Compounds: Periodic Trends and Bonding Theory73
- Ch.7 - Covalent Bonding and Electron-Dot Structures47
- Ch.8 - Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure51
- Ch.9 - Thermochemistry: Chemical Energy104
- Ch.10 - Gases: Their Properties & Behavior138
- Ch.11 - Liquids & Phase Changes43
- Ch.12 - Solids and Solid-State Materials56
- Ch.13 - Solutions & Their Properties98
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics79
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium107
- Ch.16 - Aqueous Equilibria: Acids & Bases94
- Ch.17 - Applications of Aqueous Equilibria125
- Ch.18 - Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy & Equilibrium66
- Ch.19 - Electrochemistry130
- Ch.20 - Nuclear Chemistry73
- Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements155
- Ch.23 - Organic and Biological Chemistry43
Chapter 21, Problem 21.8
Based on the wavelength of maximum absorption of the cobalt complexes, arrange the following ligands in a spectrochemical series from weakest-field to strongest-field ligand.
(a) Cl- < NCS- < H2O < NH3
(b) Cl- < NCS- < H2O < NH3
(c) H2O < Cl- < NH3 < NCS-
(d) Cl- < H2O < NCS- < NH3
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of the spectrochemical series, which ranks ligands based on their ability to split the d-orbitals of a metal ion.
Recall that ligands causing a smaller splitting (weak-field ligands) result in longer wavelengths of maximum absorption, while those causing larger splitting (strong-field ligands) result in shorter wavelengths.
Identify the typical order of ligands in the spectrochemical series: Cl^- < H2O < NCS^- < NH3.
Compare the given options with the typical order to determine which one matches the weakest to strongest field ligands.
Select the option that correctly arranges the ligands from weakest-field to strongest-field based on the spectrochemical series.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Spectrochemical Series
The spectrochemical series is a ranking of ligands based on their ability to split the d-orbitals of transition metal complexes. Ligands that produce a larger splitting of the d-orbitals are considered strong-field ligands, while those that cause less splitting are weak-field ligands. This series helps predict the color and magnetic properties of the complexes formed with different ligands.
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Guided course
02:02
Activity Series Chart
Crystal Field Theory
Crystal Field Theory (CFT) explains the electronic structure of transition metal complexes by considering the interaction between the metal ion and surrounding ligands. According to CFT, the presence of ligands causes the degenerate d-orbitals to split into different energy levels, influencing the absorption of light and the resulting color of the complex. Understanding CFT is essential for analyzing how ligands affect the properties of metal complexes.
Ligand Field Strength
Ligand field strength refers to the ability of a ligand to influence the energy levels of the d-orbitals in a transition metal complex. Strong-field ligands, such as NH3 and CN-, cause a greater splitting of the d-orbitals compared to weak-field ligands like Cl-. This concept is crucial for determining the arrangement of ligands in the spectrochemical series and predicting the behavior of the complexes.
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02:40Strong-Field Ligands result in a large Δ and Weak-Field Ligands result in a small Δ.
Related Practice
Textbook Question
What is a racemic mixture? Does it affect plane-polarized light? Explain.
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Textbook Question
Look at the colors of the isomeric complexes in Figure 21.12, and predict which is the stronger field ligand, nitro (-NO2) of nitrito (-ONO). Explain.
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Textbook Question
Which of the following complexes are paramagnetic?
(a) [Mn(CN)6]3-
(b) [Zn(NH3)4]2+ (tetrahedral)
(c) [Fe(CN)6]4-
(d) [FeF6]4-
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Textbook Question
What hybrid orbitals are used by the metal ion and how many unpaired electrons are present the complex ion [VCl4]- with tetrahedral geometry?
(a) sp3; 2 unpaired electrons
(b) sp3; 3 unpaired electrons
(c) sp3d2; 3 unpaired electrons
(d) sp3d2; 4 unpaired electrons
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Textbook Question
Which of the following complexes can exist as enantiomers? Draw their structures.
(a) [Cr(en)3]3+
(b) cis-[Co(NH3)Cl]2+
(c) trans-[Co(en)2(NH3)Cl]2+
(d) [Pt(NH3)3Cl3]+
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