Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

9. Solutions

Solubility: Temperature Effect

GOB Chemistry

9. Solutions

Solubility: Temperature Effect

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2:54 minutes

Problem 23c

Textbook Question

State whether each of the following refers to a saturated or an unsaturated solution:
c. A uric acid concentration of 4.6 mg/100 mL in the kidney does not cause gout.

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the definitions: A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature and pressure. An unsaturated solution contains less solute than the maximum amount that can dissolve under the same conditions.

Identify the context: The problem mentions a uric acid concentration of 4.6 mg/100 mL in the kidney and states that this concentration does not cause gout. This implies that the uric acid is dissolved in the kidney fluid without forming crystals.

Relate the concentration to saturation: If the uric acid concentration does not cause gout, it suggests that the solution is not saturated with uric acid. In a saturated solution, excess uric acid would precipitate out, potentially leading to crystal formation and gout.

Conclude the type of solution: Since the uric acid concentration is below the level that would lead to precipitation, the solution is unsaturated.

Summarize the reasoning: Based on the given concentration and the absence of precipitation, the solution is unsaturated because it can still dissolve more uric acid without reaching saturation.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Saturated Solution

A saturated solution is one in which the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved in a solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Beyond this point, any additional solute will not dissolve and will remain as a solid. In the context of uric acid, a saturated solution would indicate that the concentration of uric acid exceeds the solubility limit, potentially leading to conditions like gout.

Unsaturated Solution

An unsaturated solution is one that contains less solute than the maximum amount that can be dissolved in the solvent at a specific temperature and pressure. This means that more solute can still be added and dissolved. In the case of uric acid at a concentration of 4.6 mg/100 mL, if this level is below the solubility limit, it would be classified as unsaturated, thus not causing gout.

Gout

Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis characterized by sudden and severe pain, redness, and swelling in the joints, often caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals. When uric acid levels in the blood exceed the solubility threshold, it can lead to crystal formation in joints, resulting in gout attacks. Understanding the relationship between uric acid concentration and its solubility is crucial for assessing the risk of developing gout.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

If all the solute is dissolved in diagram 1, how would heating or cooling the solution cause each of the following changes?

a. 2 to 3

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Textbook Question

Potassium nitrate has a solubility of 32 g of KNO₃ in 100. g of H₂O at 20 °C. Determine if each of the following forms an unsaturated or saturated solution at 20 °C:

a. adding 32 g of KNO₃ to 200. g of H₂O

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Multiple Choice

In general, as the temperature increases, the solubility of gas in a given liquid ________________, and the solubility of most solids in a given liquid ________________.

a. Increases, increases

b. increases, decreases

c. decreases, increases

d. decreases, decreases

A solution is prepared by dissolving 12.5 g of KBr in 20 mL of water at 60 °C (see Figure 9.3). Is this solution saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated? What will happen if the solution is cooled to 10 °C?

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Textbook Question

State whether each of the following refers to a saturated or an unsaturated solution:

a. A crystal added to a solution does not change in size.

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Textbook Question

Explain the following observations:

a. More sugar dissolves in hot tea than in iced tea.

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