Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

9. Solutions

Solubility: Temperature Effect

GOB Chemistry

9. Solutions

Solubility: Temperature Effect

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4:11 minutes

Problem 87a

Textbook Question

Potassium nitrate has a solubility of 32 g of KNO₃ in 100. g of H₂O at 20 °C. Determine if each of the following forms an unsaturated or saturated solution at 20 °C:
a. adding 32 g of KNO₃ to 200. g of H₂O

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the problem. The solubility of potassium nitrate (KNO₃) is given as 32 g in 100 g of water at 20 °C. This means that at this temperature, 32 g of KNO₃ can dissolve completely in 100 g of water to form a saturated solution. Any additional KNO₃ beyond this amount would remain undissolved, making the solution saturated.

Step 2: Analyze the given scenario. In this case, 32 g of KNO₃ is being added to 200 g of water. Since the amount of water is doubled (200 g instead of 100 g), the solubility limit also doubles. Therefore, calculate the new solubility limit for 200 g of water.

Step 3: Use proportional reasoning to determine the solubility limit. If 32 g of KNO₃ dissolves in 100 g of water, then in 200 g of water, the solubility limit is: \( 32 \text{ g} \times \frac{200 \text{ g H₂O}}{100 \text{ g H₂O}} \).

Step 4: Compare the amount of KNO₃ added (32 g) to the solubility limit calculated in Step 3. If the amount of KNO₃ added is less than or equal to the solubility limit, the solution is unsaturated. If it exceeds the solubility limit, the solution is saturated.

Step 5: Conclude whether the solution is unsaturated or saturated based on the comparison in Step 4. Remember, an unsaturated solution means all the solute dissolves, while a saturated solution means some solute remains undissolved.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Solubility

Solubility is the maximum amount of a solute that can dissolve in a specific amount of solvent at a given temperature. For potassium nitrate (KNO₃), its solubility at 20 °C is 32 g per 100 g of water. This means that if you exceed this amount in a given volume of water, the solution will become saturated, and any additional solute will not dissolve.

Saturated Solution

A saturated solution is one in which the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved in the solvent at a specific temperature. In this case, if 32 g of KNO₃ is added to 100 g of water, the solution is saturated. However, if more solvent is added, such as 200 g of water, the solubility limit changes, allowing for more solute to dissolve before reaching saturation.

Unsaturated Solution

An unsaturated solution is one that contains less solute than the maximum amount that can be dissolved at a given temperature. In the scenario of adding 32 g of KNO₃ to 200 g of water, the solution is unsaturated because the increased amount of solvent allows for more solute to dissolve without reaching the saturation point, which would be 64 g of KNO₃ in this case.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

State whether each of the following refers to a saturated or an unsaturated solution:

a. A crystal added to a solution does not change in size.

Textbook Question

Explain the following observations:

a. More sugar dissolves in hot tea than in iced tea.

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Textbook Question

Use the following graph for problems 1.55 and 1.56:

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d. Does the solubility of carbon dioxide increase or decrease with an increase in temperature?

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Textbook Question

If all the solute is dissolved in diagram 1, how would heating or cooling the solution cause each of the following changes?

a. 2 to 3

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Multiple Choice

In general, as the temperature increases, the solubility of gas in a given liquid ________________, and the solubility of most solids in a given liquid ________________.

a. Increases, increases

b. increases, decreases

c. decreases, increases

d. decreases, decreases

A solution is prepared by dissolving 12.5 g of KBr in 20 mL of water at 60 °C (see Figure 9.3). Is this solution saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated? What will happen if the solution is cooled to 10 °C?

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Textbook Question

State whether each of the following refers to a saturated or an unsaturated solution:

c. A uric acid concentration of 4.6 mg/100 mL in the kidney does not cause gout.

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Textbook Question

State whether each of the following refers to a saturated or an unsaturated solution:

a. A crystal added to a solution does not change in size.

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Potassium nitrate has a solubility of 32 g of KNO3 in 100. g of H2O at 20 °C. Determine if each of the following forms an unsaturated or saturated solution at 20 °C:a. adding 32 g of KNO3 to 200. g of H2O

Key Concepts

Solubility

Saturated Solution

Unsaturated Solution

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Potassium nitrate has a solubility of 32 g of KNO₃ in 100. g of H₂O at 20 °C. Determine if each of the following forms an unsaturated or saturated solution at 20 °C:
a. adding 32 g of KNO₃ to 200. g of H₂O