Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

9. Solutions

Solubility: Temperature Effect

GOB Chemistry

9. Solutions

Solubility: Temperature Effect

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5:01 minutes

Problem 3

Textbook Question

A solution is prepared by dissolving 12.5 g of KBr in 20 mL of water at 60 °C (see Figure 9.3). Is this solution saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated? What will happen if the solution is cooled to 10 °C?
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Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Analyze the solubility graph provided. Locate the curve for KBr (potassium bromide). Note that the graph shows solubility in grams of solute per 100 grams of water at various temperatures.

Step 2: Convert the given quantities into comparable units. The problem states that 12.5 g of KBr is dissolved in 20 mL of water. Since 20 mL of water is approximately 20 g (assuming the density of water is 1 g/mL), calculate the solubility in grams of KBr per 100 g of water using the formula: \( \text{Solubility} = \frac{12.5}{20} \times 100 \).

Step 3: Compare the calculated solubility value to the solubility of KBr at 60 °C from the graph. If the calculated solubility is less than the value on the graph, the solution is unsaturated. If it matches the value, the solution is saturated. If it exceeds the value, the solution is supersaturated.

Step 4: Determine what happens when the solution is cooled to 10 °C. Use the graph to find the solubility of KBr at 10 °C. Compare this value to the amount of KBr already dissolved in the solution. If the dissolved amount exceeds the solubility at 10 °C, excess KBr will precipitate out of the solution.

Step 5: Summarize the findings. State whether the solution is saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated at 60 °C, and describe the precipitation process that occurs when the solution is cooled to 10 °C.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Solubility

Solubility is the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature. For KBr, solubility increases with temperature, meaning more KBr can dissolve in water at higher temperatures. Understanding solubility is crucial for determining whether a solution is saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated.

Saturated, Unsaturated, and Supersaturated Solutions

A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature, while an unsaturated solution can still dissolve more solute. A supersaturated solution contains more solute than is typically soluble at that temperature, often achieved by heating the solution and then cooling it carefully. Identifying the state of a solution is essential for predicting its behavior when conditions change.

Effect of Temperature on Solubility

Temperature significantly affects the solubility of most solids in liquids; generally, solubility increases with temperature. In the case of KBr, the graph indicates that at 60 °C, a certain amount can dissolve, but if the solution is cooled to 10 °C, the solubility decreases, potentially leading to precipitation of KBr. This concept is vital for understanding the changes in solution behavior with temperature variations.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Use the following graph for problems 1.55 and 1.56:

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d. Does the solubility of carbon dioxide increase or decrease with an increase in temperature?

Textbook Question

If all the solute is dissolved in diagram 1, how would heating or cooling the solution cause each of the following changes?

a. 2 to 3

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Textbook Question

Potassium nitrate has a solubility of 32 g of KNO₃ in 100. g of H₂O at 20 °C. Determine if each of the following forms an unsaturated or saturated solution at 20 °C:

a. adding 32 g of KNO₃ to 200. g of H₂O

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Multiple Choice

In general, as the temperature increases, the solubility of gas in a given liquid ________________, and the solubility of most solids in a given liquid ________________.

a. Increases, increases

b. increases, decreases

c. decreases, increases

d. decreases, decreases

State whether each of the following refers to a saturated or an unsaturated solution:

c. A uric acid concentration of 4.6 mg/100 mL in the kidney does not cause gout.

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