Table of contents

1. Matter and Measurements4h 31m
2. Atoms and the Periodic Table5h 23m
3. Ionic Compounds2h 18m
4. Molecular Compounds2h 18m
5. Classification & Balancing of Chemical Reactions3h 17m
6. Chemical Reactions & Quantities2h 27m
7. Energy, Rate and Equilibrium3h 46m
8. Gases, Liquids and Solids3h 25m
9. Solutions4h 10m
10. Acids and Bases3h 29m
11. Nuclear Chemistry56m
BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions47m
12. Introduction to Organic Chemistry1h 34m
13. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Aromatic Compounds2h 12m
14. Compounds with Oxygen or Sulfur1h 6m
15. Aldehydes and Ketones1h 1m
16. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives1h 11m
17. Amines39m
18. Amino Acids and Proteins1h 51m
19. Enzymes1h 37m
20. Carbohydrates1h 41m
21. The Generation of Biochemical Energy2h 8m
22. Carbohydrate Metabolism2h 22m
23. Lipids2h 26m
24. Lipid Metabolism1h 45m
25. Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism1h 37m
26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis2h 54m

26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Translation: Protein Synthesis

GOB Chemistry

26. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Translation: Protein Synthesis

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2:10 minutes

Problem 27a

Textbook Question

Gln-His-Pro-Gly is the sequence of a molecule known as progenitor thyrotropin-releasing hormone (pro-TRH). If we were searching for pro-TRH genes, we would need to know what sequence of bases in DNA we should be looking for. Use the following boxes to indicate answers to parts (a)–(d).

a. What RNA sequence could code for these four amino acids?

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the relationship between amino acids and their corresponding RNA codons. Each amino acid is coded by a specific set of three RNA bases called a codon. For example, glutamine (Gln) is coded by codons such as CAA or CAG.

Step 2: Identify the RNA codons for each amino acid in the sequence Gln-His-Pro-Gly. Use a codon table to find the possible RNA codons for each amino acid: Gln (CAA or CAG), His (CAU or CAC), Pro (CCU, CCC, CCA, or CCG), and Gly (GGU, GGC, GGA, or GGG).

Step 3: Choose one codon for each amino acid to construct the RNA sequence. For example, you might select CAA for Gln, CAU for His, CCU for Pro, and GGU for Gly. This gives you a possible RNA sequence: CAA-CAU-CCU-GGU.

Step 4: Remember that RNA uses uracil (U) instead of thymine (T), which is found in DNA. Ensure that all codons in your RNA sequence contain U instead of T.

Step 5: Verify the RNA sequence by cross-checking with the codon table to ensure that each codon corresponds correctly to the amino acids in the sequence Gln-His-Pro-Gly.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Genetic Code

The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA and RNA is translated into the sequence of amino acids in proteins. Each amino acid is encoded by a specific sequence of three nucleotides, known as a codon. Understanding the genetic code is essential for determining which RNA sequences correspond to specific amino acid sequences, such as the one provided for pro-TRH.

Transcription and Translation

Transcription is the process by which the information in a DNA sequence is copied into a complementary RNA sequence. Translation is the subsequent process where the RNA sequence is read by ribosomes to synthesize proteins. Knowledge of these processes is crucial for identifying the RNA sequence that would code for the amino acids in the pro-TRH molecule.

Amino Acid Sequence

An amino acid sequence is the order of amino acids in a protein, which determines its structure and function. The sequence Gln-His-Pro-Gly corresponds to specific codons in mRNA, which must be identified to find the corresponding DNA sequence. Recognizing how amino acids relate to their codons is vital for answering the question about the RNA sequence coding for pro-TRH.