11. Nuclear Chemistry

Where does fusion occur naturally?

Identify the type of particle or radiation for each of the following:

b. ¹₁H

Match the type of radiation (1 to 3) with each of the following statements:

1. alpha particle

2. beta particle

3. gamma radiation

c. can be very harmful if ingested

Match the type of radiation (1 to 3) with each of the following statements:

1. alpha particle

2. beta particle

3. gamma radiation

b. shielding protection includes lead or thick concrete

Match the type of radiation (1 to 3) with each of the following statements:

1. alpha particle

2. beta particle

3. gamma radiation

c. travels only a short distance in air

Complete each of the following bombardment reactions:

d. ? + ⁶⁴₂₈Ni → ²⁷²₁₁₁Rg + ¹₀n

Identify and write the symbol for each of the five nuclides in the decay series shown in Problem 11.25.

How does ionizing radiation lead to cell damage?

How does a chain reaction occur in nuclear fission?

How does nuclear fission differ from normal radioactive decay?

In another fission reaction, uranium-235 bombarded with a neutron produces strontium-94, another small nucleus, and three neutrons. Write the balanced nuclear equation for the fission reaction.

Indicate whether each of the following is characteristic of the fission or fusion process, or both:

b. The nuclear process occurs in the Sun.

Identify the starting radioisotopes needed to balance each of these nuclear reactions:

a. ? + ⁴₂He → ¹¹³₄₉In

b. ? + ⁴₂He → ¹³₇N + ¹₀n

Bismuth-212 attaches readily to monoclonal antibodies and is used in the treatment of various cancers. This bismuth-212 is formed after the parent isotope undergoes a decay series consisting of four α decays and one β decay (the decays could be in any order). What is the parent isotope for this decay series?