Identify the arrows shown by type and predict the product that should result.
(e)

Identify the arrow types that are shown in each of these arrow-pushing mechanisms.

(iii)

Acid–base reactions are reversible. Show a mechanism for the reverse of the reactions in Assessment 4.18.

Identify the nucleophile and the electrophile in each of the following reactions.

(a)

Show an arrow-pushing mechanism that forms the product on the right from the reactant at left. Two arrows are necessary in each reaction.

(b)

Identify the arrows shown by type and predict the product that should result.

(a)

Would you expect the following species to be electrophiles or nucleophiles? Some may be both. Explain your answer.

(e)

Using curved arrows, show the mechanism of the following reaction:

For each of the reactions in Problem 15, indicate which reactant is the nucleophile and which is the electrophile.

a.

b.