For each reaction, estimate whether ΔS° for the reaction is positive, negative, or impossible to predict.
(a)

For the following values of ∆H° , ∆S°, and T, tell whether the process would be favored.

(d) ∆H° = -8.3 kcal/mol ; ∆S° = -12 cal/mol•K ; T = 298 K

Calculate ∆G°, ∆H°, and ∆S° for the following acid–base reactions. Rationalize the value of ∆H° based on the structure of the conjugate bases. [Assume T = 298 K.]

(b)

When ethene is treated in a calorimeter with H₂ and a Pt catalyst, the heat of reaction is found to be –137 kJ/mol (–32.7 kcal/mol), and the reaction goes to completion. When the reaction takes place at 1400 K, the equilibrium is found to be evenly balanced, with K_eq =1.  Compute the value of ΔS for this reaction.

For the following values of ∆H° , ∆S°, and T, tell whether the process would be favored.

(a) ∆H° = -15 kcal/mol ; ∆S° = +37 cal/mol•K ; T = 273 K

When ethene is mixed with hydrogen in the presence of a platinum catalyst, hydrogen adds across the double bond to form ethane. At room temperature, the reaction goes to completion. Predict the signs of ΔH° and ΔS° for this reaction. Explain these signs in terms of bonding and freedom of motion.

For each reaction, estimate whether ΔS° for the reaction is positive, negative, or impossible to predict.

(b)

For each reaction, estimate whether ΔS° for the reaction is positive, negative, or impossible to predict.

(c)

a. For which reaction in each set will ∆S° be more significant?

b. For which reaction will ∆S° be positive?

1. A ⇌ B or A + B ⇌ C

2. A ⇌ B + C or A + B ⇌ C + D