Table of contents

1. A Review of General Chemistry5h 5m
2. Molecular Representations1h 14m
3. Acids and Bases2h 46m
4. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes4h 17m
5. Chirality3h 39m
6. Thermodynamics and Kinetics1h 22m
7. Substitution Reactions1h 48m
8. Elimination Reactions2h 30m
9. Alkenes and Alkynes2h 9m
10. Addition Reactions3h 19m
11. Radical Reactions1h 58m
12. Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides and Thiols2h 42m
13. Alcohols and Carbonyl Compounds2h 17m
14. Synthetic Techniques1h 26m
15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect7h 3m
16. Conjugated Systems6h 13m
17. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy51m
18. Aromaticity2h 34m
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m
20. Phenols55m
21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m
22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m
23. The Chemistry of Thioesters, Phophate Ester and Phosphate Anhydrides1h 10m
24. Enolate Chemistry: Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon1h 53m
25. Condensation Chemistry2h 9m
26. Amines1h 43m
27. Heterocycles2h 0m
28. Carbohydrates5h 53m
29. Amino Acids4h 20m
30. Peptides and Proteins2h 42m
31. Catalysis in Organic Reactions1h 30m
32. Lipids 2h 50m
33. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways2h 52m
34. Nucleic Acids1h 32m
35. Transition Metals6h 14m
36. Synthetic Polymers1h 49m

15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect

1H NMR:Spin-Splitting Simple Tree Diagrams

Organic Chemistry

15. Analytical Techniques:IR, NMR, Mass Spect

1H NMR:Spin-Splitting Simple Tree Diagrams

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Problem 45c

Textbook Question

Sketch the signals you would expect to see for H꜀ in the molecule shown. The important coupling constants are given.

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the hydrogen atoms in the molecule that are relevant to the problem. Determine which hydrogen atoms are chemically equivalent and which are not.

Consider the coupling constants provided. These constants indicate the splitting pattern of the NMR signals due to the interaction between neighboring hydrogen atoms.

Use the coupling constants to predict the multiplicity of each signal. For example, a coupling constant between two hydrogen atoms might result in a doublet, triplet, or other splitting pattern.

Sketch the expected NMR signals for each hydrogen atom based on their chemical environment and the coupling constants. Consider factors such as chemical shift, multiplicity, and intensity.

Review the sketch to ensure that all expected signals are accounted for and that the splitting patterns match the provided coupling constants. Make any necessary adjustments to the sketch.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

NMR Spectroscopy

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a technique used to determine the structure of organic compounds by observing the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei. In the context of hydrogen (proton) NMR, it provides information about the number of hydrogen atoms, their environment, and how they interact with neighboring atoms, which is crucial for sketching expected signals.

Chemical Shift

Chemical shift refers to the position of an NMR signal relative to a standard reference compound, typically tetramethylsilane (TMS). It indicates the electronic environment surrounding a nucleus, with shifts affected by factors such as electronegativity and hybridization. Understanding chemical shifts helps predict where signals will appear in the NMR spectrum for different hydrogen atoms in a molecule.

Spin-Spin Coupling

Spin-spin coupling, or J-coupling, occurs when magnetic interactions between neighboring nuclei split NMR signals into multiple peaks. The coupling constant, measured in Hertz, quantifies the interaction strength and helps determine the multiplicity of signals. Recognizing coupling patterns is essential for sketching the expected NMR signals for hydrogen atoms in a molecule.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Draw the expected signal for a hydrogen with the following coupling constants.

(b) Hₐ : δ 3.34 (Jₐ꜀ = 9 , Jₐ₆ = 4 )

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Textbook Question

Though it wasn't discussed, what coupling constant would you expect for Hₐ and H꜀ in the spectrum of trans-but-2-enoic acid in Figure 15.50? Justify your answer.

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Textbook Question

Sketch the signals you would expect to see for Hₐ in the molecule shown. The important coupling constants are given.

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Textbook Question

Sketch the signals you would expect to see for H_b in the molecule shown. The important coupling constants are given.

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Textbook Question