Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 43m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 36m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 6m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood3h 22m
18. The Heart3h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance37m
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity3h 32m

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Review of Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Anatomy & Physiology

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Review of Aerobic Cellular Respiration

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4:17 minutes

Problem 4

Textbook Question

Most of the CO2 from cellular respiration is released duringa. stage 1: glycolysis.b. stage 2: pyruvate oxidation.c. stage 2: the citric acid cycle.d. stage 3: oxidative phosphorylation.

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the stages of cellular respiration: glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

Understand that glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and primarily involves the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH, with no significant release of CO2.

Recognize that pyruvate oxidation occurs in the mitochondria, where pyruvate is converted into acetyl-CoA, releasing a small amount of CO2.

Examine the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle), which takes place in the mitochondrial matrix. This cycle processes acetyl-CoA, releasing CO2 as a byproduct.

Consider oxidative phosphorylation, which involves the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis, primarily producing ATP and water, with no direct release of CO2.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration is the metabolic process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water. It consists of several stages, including glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Understanding this process is crucial for identifying where CO2 is produced during respiration.

Citric Acid Cycle

The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, is a key metabolic pathway that occurs in the mitochondria. It processes acetyl-CoA derived from pyruvate and generates high-energy electron carriers, NADH and FADH2, while releasing CO2 as a byproduct. This cycle is significant for understanding the major source of CO2 in cellular respiration.

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Oxidative phosphorylation is the final stage of cellular respiration, occurring in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It involves the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis, leading to the production of ATP. While it is crucial for energy production, it is not the primary stage for CO2 release, which occurs earlier in the process.