17. The Blood

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

Hemoglobin consists of two polypeptide chains bound to a heme group.

Erythropoiesis requires stimulation from the hormone:

a. Thrombin

b. Thrombopoietin

c. Thymosin

d. Erythropoietin

Erythrocytes are derived from stem cells called____, circulate in the blood for approximately _______ days, and are destroyed by an organ called the _______.

Platelets are derived from cells called:

a. Thromboblasts

b. Leukoblasts

c. Megakaryocytes

d. Thrombokaryocytes

Explain how blood, being a liquid, enables all its components (formed elements and plasma) to perform their functions.

Suppose your blood is AB positive. This means that:

a. Agglutinogens A and B are present on your red blood cells

b. There are no anti-A or anti-B antibodies in your plasma

c. Your blood is Rh⁺

d. All of the above

Cancer patients being treated with chemotherapeutic drugs designed to destroy rapidly dividing cells are monitored closely for changes in their red and white blood counts. Why so?

Mr. Chu has been scheduled for surgery to have his arthritic hip replaced. His surgeon tells him he must switch from aspirin to acetaminophen for pain control before his surgery. Why?

Which type of antibodies does plasma contain for each of the following blood types?

(a) Type A

(b) Type B

(c) Type AB

(d) Type O

A difference between the A, B, and O blood types and the Rh factor is:

(a) Rh agglutinogens are not found on the surface of red blood cells

(b) Rh agglutinogens do not produce a cross-reaction

(c) Individuals who are Rh− do not carry agglutinins to Rh factor unless they have been previously sensitized

(d) Rh agglutinogens are found free in the plasma

(e) Rh agglutinogens are found bound to plasma proteins

How can liver dysfunction cause bleeding disorders?

A bone marrow biopsy of Mr. Lee, a man on long-term drug therapy, shows an abnormally high percentage of nonhematopoietic connective tissue. What condition does this indicate? If the symptoms are critical, what short-term and long-term treatments are indicated? Which treatment is he more likely to be given: infusion of whole blood or of packed red cells?

Which of the following antibodies does a person with type O+ blood have in his or her plasma?

a. Anti-A antibodies

b. Anti-B antibodies

c. Anti-Rh antibodies

d. Both a and b are correct.

e. All of the above

Mr. Reczkiewicz has blood type AB−. Which of the following blood types could be safely donated to Mr. Reczkiewicz, assuming he has had prior exposure to Rh+ blood? (Circle all that apply.)

a. Type O+

b. Type A−

c. Type B−

d. Type AB+

e. Type O−

The two most clinically important groups of antigens on erythrocytes are the ______ and ______ blood groups.