21. The Immune System

More than one choice may apply.

Which of the following are among the most common indicators of inflammation?

a. Phagocytosis

b. Edema

c. Leukocytosis

d. Pain

Eileen presents with flu-like symptoms, including fever, chills, and body aches.

What part of the immune response is likely producing these symptoms?

Interferons are referred to as antiviral proteins. What stimulates their production, and how do they protect uninfected cells?

Which of the following answers is an inflammatory mediator that stimulates vasodilation allowing immune cells to enter the site of infection?

Compared with innate defenses, adaptive defenses

(a) Do not distinguish between one threat and another

(b) Are always present at birth

(c) Protect against threats on an individual basis

(d) Deny the entry of pathogens to the body

The disease tuberculosis (TB) is a serious bacterial infection characterized by granulomas typically found in the lungs. What characteristics would a TB granuloma have?

Eileen presents with flu-like symptoms, including fever, chills, and body aches.

You order blood work and find that the number of neutrophils in the blood is greatly elevated. What does this tell you about the likely type of pathogen involved? Explain.

What is complement? Besides bacterial lysis, what are some of the roles of complement?

Phagocytes move through capillary walls by squeezing between adjacent endothelial cells, a process known as

(a) Diapedesis

(b) Chemotaxis

(c) Adhesion

(d) Perforation

Mr. White has been diagnosed with febrile neutropenia, a condition characterized by the presence of a fever with an extremely low number of neutrophils in the blood. Blood work demonstrates the presence of bacteria in his blood. Explain why neutropenia might lead to a bacterial infection. Why is a bacterial infection particularly dangerous for Mr. White?