BackMark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
d. Filtrate flows from the renal corpuscle to the distal tubule, the nephron loop, the proximal tubule, and into the collecting system.
Describe the structure of the filtration membrane.
Which of the following substances would pass through the filtration membrane to become part of the filtrate under normal circumstances? (Circle all that apply.)
a. Sodium ions
b. Albumin
c. Glucose
d. Erythrocytes
e. Leukocytes
f. Amino acids
g. Urea
Which of the following is false about the GFR?
a. The GFR averages about 120 ml/min
b. The GFR increases when the afferent arteriole dilates
c. The GFR decreases when the efferent arteriole constricts
d. The GFR decreases when the afferent arteriole constricts
Glomerular hydrostatic pressure _____ filtration; colloid osmotic pressure and capsular hydrostatic pressure_____ filtration.
a. Favors; favor
b. Opposes; oppose
c. Favors; oppose
d. Opposes; favor
The route by which substances are reabsorbed by crossing through the cells of the renal tubule and collecting system is known as the:
a. Paracellular route
b. Transcellular route
c. Primary active transport route
d. Facultative route
Predict the effects the following scenarios would have on glomerular filtration:
a. Having excess proteins in the blood, increasing colloid osmotic pressure
Predict the effects the following scenarios would have on glomerular filtration:
b. Having low arterial blood pressure (hypotension)
Why is urinalysis a routine part of any good physical examination?
Mr. Jessup, a 55-year-old man, is operated on for a cerebral tumor. About one month later, he complains that he is excessively thirsty and that he has been voiding almost continuously. A urine sample is collected, and its specific gravity is 1.001. What is your diagnosis of Mr. Jessup's problem, and how might it be related to his previous surgery?
Raymond is hypertensive and was recently diagnosed with impaired kidney function based on urinalysis and a blood test for creatinine. What sorts of test results would you expect, and how is hypertension related to kidney function?
A 55-year-old woman is awakened by an excruciating pain that radiates from her right abdomen to her flank on the same side. The pain is not continuous, but it recurs every 3 to 4 minutes. Diagnose this patient's problem, and cite factors that might favor its occurrence. Explain why this woman's pain comes in 'waves.'
What happens to the rate of RBC production in a patient on dialysis with total renal failure? What could be given to the patient to counteract such a problem?
Normal urine should have which of the following properties? Circle all that apply.
a. Translucency
b. Yellowish pigment
c. Cloudy appearance
d. pH less than 4.5
The GFR may be estimated by measuring the rate at which certain substances are removed from the blood, which is known as:
a. Renal clearance
b. Plasma creatinine
c. Glomerular hydrostatic pressure
d. Inulin estimation