BackTwo physiology students are having a disagreement about renal function. Dan says that the kidneys work harder when you eat a high-salt diet, whereas Peter says that they work harder when you drink lots of water. Who is right, and why?
Trace the pathway a uric acid molecule takes from a glomerulus to the urethra. Name every gross or microscopic structure it passes through on its journey.
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
a. Sodium ions and glucose are cotransported into the proximal tubule cell by secondary active transport.
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
b. The distal tubule reabsorbs sodium ions and secretes potassium and hydrogen ions in response to ADH.
Dilute urine is produced when decreased levels of______ are secreted.
a. Aldosterone
b. Atrial natriuretic peptide
c. ADH
d. None of the above
The kidneys produce _____ urine when the osmolarity of the body's fluids increases. They produce _____ urine when the osmolarity of the body's fluids decreases.
Trace the pathway taken by a molecule of urea through the kidney from the glomerulus to the renal pelvis if the urea is recycled.
Why must the kidneys establish a concentration gradient in the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla in order to produce concentrated urine?
Drugs that treat hypertension, or high blood pressure, have the following actions. Discuss the specific effect that each drug will have on the kidneys.
c. Blocking the Na+/Cl−/2K+ transport pumps in the thick ascending limb of the nephron loop
How does aldosterone modify the chemical composition of urine?
The process of urine formation involves all of the following, except
(a) Filtration of plasma
(b) Reabsorption of water
(c) Reabsorption of certain solutes
(d) Secretion of wastes
(e) Secretion of excess lipoprotein and glucose molecules
Sodium reabsorption in the DCT and in the cortical portion of the collecting system is accelerated by the secretion of
(a) ADH
(b) Renin
(c) Aldosterone
(d) Erythropoietin
The distal convoluted tubule is an important site for
(a) Active secretion of ions
(b) Active secretion of acids and other materials
(c) Selective reabsorption of sodium ions from the tubular fluid
(d) All of these