Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biochemistry4h 34m
2. Water3h 23m
3. Amino Acids8h 10m
4. Protein Structure10h 4m
5. Protein Techniques14h 5m
6. Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics13h 38m
7. Enzyme Inhibition and Regulation 8h 42m
8. Protein Function 9h 41m
9. Carbohydrates7h 49m
10. Lipids5h 49m
11. Biological Membranes and Transport 6h 37m
12. Biosignaling9h 45m
Review 1: Nucleic Acids, Lipids, & Membranes2h 47m
Review 2: Biosignaling, Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, & PP-Pathway3h 12m
Review 3: Pyruvate & Fatty Acid Oxidation, Citric Acid Cycle, & Glycogen Metabolism2h 26m
Review 4: Amino Acid Oxidation, Oxidative Phosphorylation, & Photophosphorylation1h 48m

12. Biosignaling

Insulin Signaling on Glucose Metabolism

Biochemistry

12. Biosignaling

Insulin Signaling on Glucose Metabolism

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements best describes the role of insulin in the body?

Insulin increases gluconeogenesis in the liver.

Insulin promotes the uptake of glucose into cells, thereby lowering blood glucose levels.

Insulin stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to increase blood glucose levels.

Insulin inhibits the synthesis of fatty acids in adipose tissue.

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Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Begin by understanding the role of insulin in the body. Insulin is a peptide hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas. Its primary function is to regulate blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake into cells.

Step 2: Analyze the first statement: 'Insulin increases gluconeogenesis in the liver.' Gluconeogenesis is the process of synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors, which typically occurs during fasting. Insulin actually inhibits gluconeogenesis, as its role is to lower blood glucose levels, not increase them.

Step 3: Evaluate the second statement: 'Insulin promotes the uptake of glucose into cells, thereby lowering blood glucose levels.' This is correct because insulin facilitates the transport of glucose into cells, particularly muscle and adipose tissue, by activating glucose transporters such as GLUT4.

Step 4: Examine the third statement: 'Insulin stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to increase blood glucose levels.' This is incorrect because insulin promotes glycogen synthesis (glycogenesis) rather than glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis). Glycogen breakdown is stimulated by glucagon, not insulin.

Step 5: Assess the fourth statement: 'Insulin inhibits the synthesis of fatty acids in adipose tissue.' This is incorrect because insulin actually promotes fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissue by stimulating enzymes like acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which are involved in lipogenesis.