Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biochemistry4h 34m
2. Water3h 23m
3. Amino Acids8h 10m
4. Protein Structure10h 4m
5. Protein Techniques14h 5m
6. Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics13h 38m
7. Enzyme Inhibition and Regulation 8h 42m
8. Protein Function 9h 41m
9. Carbohydrates7h 49m
10. Lipids5h 49m
11. Biological Membranes and Transport 6h 37m
12. Biosignaling9h 45m
Review 1: Nucleic Acids, Lipids, & Membranes2h 47m
Review 2: Biosignaling, Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, & PP-Pathway3h 12m
Review 3: Pyruvate & Fatty Acid Oxidation, Citric Acid Cycle, & Glycogen Metabolism2h 26m
Review 4: Amino Acid Oxidation, Oxidative Phosphorylation, & Photophosphorylation1h 48m

Review 3: Pyruvate & Fatty Acid Oxidation, Citric Acid Cycle, & Glycogen Metabolism

Pyruvate Oxidation

Biochemistry

Review 3: Pyruvate & Fatty Acid Oxidation, Citric Acid Cycle, & Glycogen Metabolism

Pyruvate Oxidation

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following coenzymes are required for the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

FADH$_2$, ATP, Ubiquinone, Vitamin B$_{12}$

NAD$^+$, Biotin, Coenzyme Q, Tetrahydrofolate

NADP$^+$, Biotin, Coenzyme Q, Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)

NAD$^+$, Coenzyme A, Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), Lipoic acid, FAD

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Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the role of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). It is a multi-enzyme complex responsible for converting pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, a key intermediate in cellular respiration. This process involves oxidative decarboxylation and requires several coenzymes.

Step 2: Identify the coenzymes involved in the reaction. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex uses five essential coenzymes: NAD$^+$ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), Coenzyme A (CoA), Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), Lipoic acid, and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide). Each plays a specific role in the reaction mechanism.

Step 3: Exclude the incorrect options. For example, FADH$_2$ is the reduced form of FAD and is not directly required in this reaction. ATP, Ubiquinone, Vitamin B$_{12}$, Biotin, Coenzyme Q, Tetrahydrofolate, NADP$^+$, and Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) are not involved in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex reaction.

Step 4: Match the correct coenzymes to their functions: (a) TPP is involved in the decarboxylation of pyruvate, (b) Lipoic acid acts as a carrier for acyl groups, (c) Coenzyme A accepts the acetyl group to form acetyl-CoA, (d) FAD and NAD$^+$ are involved in electron transfer during the oxidation process.

Step 5: Summarize the correct answer. The coenzymes required for the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex are NAD$^+$, Coenzyme A, Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), Lipoic acid, and FAD.