Table of contents

1. Introduction to Biochemistry4h 34m
2. Water3h 23m
3. Amino Acids8h 10m
4. Protein Structure10h 4m
5. Protein Techniques14h 5m
6. Enzymes and Enzyme Kinetics13h 38m
7. Enzyme Inhibition and Regulation 8h 42m
8. Protein Function 9h 41m
9. Carbohydrates7h 49m
10. Lipids5h 49m
11. Biological Membranes and Transport 6h 37m
12. Biosignaling9h 45m
Review 1: Nucleic Acids, Lipids, & Membranes2h 47m
Review 2: Biosignaling, Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, & PP-Pathway3h 12m
Review 3: Pyruvate & Fatty Acid Oxidation, Citric Acid Cycle, & Glycogen Metabolism2h 26m
Review 4: Amino Acid Oxidation, Oxidative Phosphorylation, & Photophosphorylation1h 48m

Review 3: Pyruvate & Fatty Acid Oxidation, Citric Acid Cycle, & Glycogen Metabolism

Pyruvate Oxidation

Biochemistry

Review 3: Pyruvate & Fatty Acid Oxidation, Citric Acid Cycle, & Glycogen Metabolism

Pyruvate Oxidation

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Multiple Choice

Which molecule carries the carbon atoms from glycolysis into the citric acid cycle?

Pyruvate

Acetyl-CoA

Oxaloacetate

Citrate

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Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the context of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH. The citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle) is a subsequent pathway where carbon atoms are further oxidized to produce energy.

Step 2: Recognize that pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis. Pyruvate is a three-carbon molecule that serves as the starting point for the transition into the citric acid cycle.

Step 3: Learn the role of pyruvate in the transition step. Pyruvate undergoes oxidative decarboxylation by the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, which converts it into acetyl-CoA. This reaction also produces NADH and releases one molecule of CO₂.

Step 4: Understand the importance of acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA is a two-carbon molecule that carries the carbon atoms from glycolysis into the citric acid cycle. It combines with oxaloacetate (a four-carbon molecule) to form citrate (a six-carbon molecule), initiating the cycle.

Step 5: Clarify the roles of oxaloacetate and citrate. Oxaloacetate is regenerated at the end of the citric acid cycle and combines with acetyl-CoA to form citrate. Citrate is the first intermediate in the cycle but does not directly carry carbon atoms from glycolysis.