32. Vertebrates

Vertebrates and tunicates share

a. Jaws adapted for feeding

b. A high degree of cephalization

c. An endoskeleton that includes a skull

d. A notochord and a dorsal, hollow nerve cord

True or false? Both echinoderms and vertebrates have endoskeletons. Explain.

Living vertebrates can be divided into two major clades. Select the appropriate pair.

a. The chordates and the tetrapods

b. The urochordates and the cephalochordates

c. The cyclostomes and the gnathostome

d. The marsupials and the eutherians

In the chordate phylogenetic tree below, fill in the shared derived character that defines each clade.

What trait(s) characterize the vertebrates?

a. Vertebrae and a cranium

b. Jaws and a spinal cord

c. Bony endoskeleton

d. Notochord and post-anal tail

A lamprey, a shark, a lizard, and a rabbit share all the following characteristics except

a. Pharyngeal slits in the embryo or adult.

b. Vertebrae.

c. Hinged jaws.

d. A dorsal, hollow nerve cord.

In Figure 34.25, which of the following is the sister taxon to the archosaurs?

a. Synapsids

b. Crocodilians

c. Turtles

d. Lepidosaurs

Which clade does not include humans?

a. Synapsids

b. Lobe-fins

c. Diapsids

d. Osteichthyans

Two black female mice are crossed with a brown male. In several litters, female I produced 9 black offspring and 7 brown; female II produced 57 black offspring. What deductions can you make about the inheritance of black and brown coat color in mice? What are the genotypes of the parents?