33. Geometric Optics

A horizontal laser beam enters the glass prism shown in FIGURE P34.55. When the laser beam exits the prism, by what angle will it have been deflected from horizontal?

A 1.0-cm-thick layer of water stands on a horizontal slab of glass. A light ray in the air is incident on the water 60° from the normal. What is the ray's direction of travel in the glass?

An underwater diver sees the sun 50° above horizontal. How high is the sun above the horizon to a fisherman in a boat above the diver?

A biologist keeps a specimen of his favorite beetle embedded in a cube of polystyrene plastic. The hapless bug appears to be 2.0 cm within the plastic. What is the beetle's actual distance beneath the surface?

To a fish in an aquarium, the 4.00-mm-thick walls appear to be only 3.50 mm thick. What is the index of refraction of the walls?

A costume jewelry pendant made of cubic zirconia is submerged in oil. A light ray in the oil strikes one face of the zirconia crystal at an angle of incidence of 25°. Once inside, what is the ray's angle with respect to the face of the crystal?

A sheet of glass has n_red = 1.52 and n_violet = 1.55. A narrow beam of white light is incident on the glass at 30°. What is the angular spread of the light inside the glass?

White light is incident onto a 30° prism at the 40° angle shown in FIGURE P35.41. Violet light emerges perpendicular to the rear face of the prism. The index of refraction of violet light in this glass is 2.0% larger than the index of refraction of red light. At what angle Φ does red light emerge from the rear face?

A beam of white light enters a transparent material. Wavelengths for which the index of refraction is n are refracted at angle θ₂. Wavelengths for which the index of refraction is n + δn, where δn << n, are refracted at angle θ₂ + δθ. A beam of white light is incident on a piece of glass at 30°. Deep violet light is refracted 0.28° more than deep red light. The index of refraction for deep red light is known to be 1.552. What is the index of refraction for deep violet light?

A hydrogen discharge lamp emits light with two prominent wavelengths: 656 nm (red) and 486 nm (blue). The light enters a flint-glass prism perpendicular to one face and then refracts through the hypotenuse back into the air. The angle between these two faces is 35°. What is the angle (in degrees) between the red and blue light as it leaves the prism?

(II) A beam of light in air strikes a slab of glass (n = 1.62) and is partially reflected and partially refracted. Determine the angle of incidence if the angle of reflection is twice the angle of refraction.

(I) A light beam coming from an underwater spotlight exits the water at an angle of refraction equal to 52.0°. At what angle of incidence did it hit the air-water interface from below the surface?

(I) A diver shines a narrow flashlight beam upward from beneath the water at a 32.8° angle to the vertical. At what angle does the light leave the water?

(II) The speed of light in a certain substance is 78% of its value in water. What is the index of refraction of that substance?

(I) What is the speed of light in (a) ethyl alcohol, (b) lucite, (c) crown glass?