16. The Endocrine System

If there is adequate carbohydrate intake, secretion of insulin results in:

a. Lower blood glucose levels

b. Increased cell utilization of glucose

c. Storage of glycogen

d. All of these

A hormone not involved in glucose metabolism is:

a. Glucagon

b. Cortisone

c. Aldosterone

d. Insulin

Name a hormone secreted by a muscle cell and two hormones secreted by neurons.

If anterior pituitary secretion is deficient in a growing child, the child will

a. Develop acromegaly

b. Become a dwarf but have fairly normal body proportions

c. Mature sexually at an earlier than normal age

d. Be in constant danger of becoming dehydrated

The anterior pituitary secretes all but:

a. Antidiuretic hormone

b. Growth hormone

c. Gonadotropins

d. TSH

Name two endocrine glands (or regions) that are important in the stress response, and explain why they are important.

Roger Proulx has severe arthritis and has been taking prednisone (a glucocorticoid) for two months. He isn't feeling well, complains of repeated 'colds,' and is extremely 'puffy' (edematous). Explain the reason for these symptoms.

Testosterone is to the male as which hormone is to the female?

a. Luteinizing hormone

b. Progesterone

c. Estrogen

d. Prolactin

A hypodermic injection of epinephrine would:

a. Increase heart rate, increase blood pressure, dilate the bronchioles of the lungs, and increase digestive activity

b. Decrease heart rate, decrease blood pressure, constrict the bronchioles, and increase digestive activity

c. Decrease heart rate, increase blood pressure, constrict the bronchioles, and decrease digestive activity

d. Increase heart rate, increase blood pressure, dilate the bronchioles, and decrease digestive activity

Choose from the following key to identify the hormones described.

Key:

a. Aldosterone

b. Antidiuretic hormone

c. Growth hormone

d. Luteinizing hormone

e. oxytocin f. prolactin

g. T₄ and T₃

h. TSH ______ 

(1) Important anabolic hormone; many of its effects mediated by IGFs ______ 

(2) Cause the kidneys to conserve water and/or salt (two choices) ______ 

(3) Stimulates milk production ______ 

(4) Tropic hormone that stimulates the gonads to secrete sex hormones ______ 

(5) Increases uterine contractions during birth ______ 

(6) Major metabolic hormone(s) of the body ______ 

(7) Causes reabsorption of sodium ions by the kidneys ______ 

(8) Tropic hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete thyroid hormone ______ 

(9) Secreted by the posterior pituitary (two choices) ______

(10) The only steroid hormone in the list

Name three hormone antagonists of insulin and one of PTH.

Match the letter of the digestive organ shown in the figure with its function.

___ produces both endocrine and exocrine secretions

More than one choice may apply.

Hormones that act to decrease the blood glucose level include

a. Insulin

b. Glucagon

c. Epinephrine

d. Growth hormone

More than one choice may apply.

Which events occur shortly after eating?

a. Use of amino acids as a major source of energy

b. Lipogenesis (and fat deposit)

c. Breakdown of fat reserves

d. Increased uptake of glucose by skeletal muscles and other body tissues

Mr. Flores brings his wife to the clinic, concerned about her nervousness, heart palpitations, and excessive sweating. Tests show hyperglycemia and hypertension. What hormones are probably being hypersecreted? What is the cause? What physical factors allow you to rule out thyroid problems?