16. The Endocrine System

Endemic goiter is not really the result of a malfunctioning thyroid gland. What does cause it?

Absence of thyroid hormone would result in:

a. Increased heart rate and increased force of heart contraction

b. Depression of the CNS and lethargy

c. Exophthalmos

d. High metabolic rate

Parathyroid hormone:

a. Increases bone formation and lowers blood calcium levels

b. Increases calcium excretion from the body

c. Decreases calcium absorption from the gut

d. Demineralizes bone and raises blood calcium levels

Mary Morgan has just been brought into the emergency room of City General Hospital. She is perspiring profusely and is breathing rapidly and irregularly. Her breath smells like acetone (sweet and fruity), and her blood glucose tests out at 650 mg/100 ml of blood. She is in acidosis. Which hormone drug should be administered, and why?

Describe the body location of each of the following endocrine organs: anterior pituitary, pineal gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, and adrenal glands.

List the hormones produced by each organ.

How are the hyperglycemia and lipidemia of insulin deficiency linked?

If there is adequate carbohydrate intake, secretion of insulin results in:

a. Lower blood glucose levels

b. Increased cell utilization of glucose

c. Storage of glycogen

d. All of these

A hormone not involved in glucose metabolism is:

a. Glucagon

b. Cortisone

c. Aldosterone

d. Insulin

Name a hormone secreted by a muscle cell and two hormones secreted by neurons.

If anterior pituitary secretion is deficient in a growing child, the child will

a. Develop acromegaly

b. Become a dwarf but have fairly normal body proportions

c. Mature sexually at an earlier than normal age

d. Be in constant danger of becoming dehydrated

The anterior pituitary secretes all but:

a. Antidiuretic hormone

b. Growth hormone

c. Gonadotropins

d. TSH

Name two endocrine glands (or regions) that are important in the stress response, and explain why they are important.

Roger Proulx has severe arthritis and has been taking prednisone (a glucocorticoid) for two months. He isn't feeling well, complains of repeated 'colds,' and is extremely 'puffy' (edematous). Explain the reason for these symptoms.

Testosterone is to the male as which hormone is to the female?

a. Luteinizing hormone

b. Progesterone

c. Estrogen

d. Prolactin

A hypodermic injection of epinephrine would:

a. Increase heart rate, increase blood pressure, dilate the bronchioles of the lungs, and increase digestive activity

b. Decrease heart rate, decrease blood pressure, constrict the bronchioles, and increase digestive activity

c. Decrease heart rate, increase blood pressure, constrict the bronchioles, and decrease digestive activity

d. Increase heart rate, increase blood pressure, dilate the bronchioles, and decrease digestive activity