16. The Endocrine System

More than one choice may apply. The element needed for thyroid gland function is

a. Potassium

b. Iodine

c. Calcium

d. Manganese

More than one choice may apply.

ANP, the hormone secreted by the heart, has exactly the opposite function to this hormone secreted by the outermost zone of the adrenal cortex.

a. Epinephrine

b. Cortisol

c. Aldosterone

d. Testosterone

More than one choice may apply.

Hormones that act directly or indirectly to elevate the blood glucose level include which of the following?

a. GH

b. Cortisol

c. Insulin

d. ACTH

More than one choice may apply.

Hypertension may result from hypersecretion of

a. Thyroxine

b. Cortisol

c. Aldosterone

d. ADH

More than one choice may apply.

Hormones that regulate mineral (salt) levels include

a. Calcitonin

b. Aldosterone

c. Atrial natriuretic peptide

d. Glucagon

More than one choice may apply.

Which of the following is given as a drug to reduce inflammation?

a. Epinephrine

b. Cortisol

c. Aldosterone

d. ADH

Two hormones are closely involved in the regulation of the fluid and electrolyte balance of the body. Name them, and explain their effects on their common target organ.

Melissa, age 40, comes to the clinic, troubled by swelling in her face and unusual fat deposition on her back and abdomen. She reports that she bruises easily. Blood tests show an elevated glucose level. What is your diagnosis, and which glands might be causing the problem?

The anterior pituitary is often referred to as the master endocrine gland, but it too has a 'master.' What controls the release of hormones by the anterior pituitary?

The parents of 14-year-old Megan are concerned about her height because she is only 4 feet tall and they are both close to 6 feet tall. After tests by their doctor, certain hormones are prescribed for the girl. What is the probable diagnosis? What hormones are prescribed, and why might the girl expect to reach normal height?

The major stimulus for the release of parathyroid hormone is:

a. Hormonal

b. Humoral

c. Neural

Which two hormones are released by the kidneys, and what is the importance of each hormone?

More than one choice may apply. The major endocrine organs of the body

a. Tend to be very large organs

b. Are closely connected with each other

c. All contribute to the same function (digestion)

d. Tend to lie near the midline of the body

Describe the body location of each of the following endocrine organs: anterior pituitary, pineal gland, thymus, pancreas, ovaries, testes. Then, for each organ, name its hormones and their effect(s) on body processes. Finally, for each hormone, list the important results of its hypersecretion or hyposecretion.

Name two endocrine-producing glands (or regions) that are important in the stress response, and explain why they are important.