20. Carbohydrates

Identify each of the following as D or L:

a.

Label each as D-enantiomer, L-enantiomer, epimer or neither of Talose.

Identify the given molecule as diastereomer or epimer of D-sorbose.

Draw the enantiomer of the following monosaccharides, and in each pair identify the D sugar and the L sugar.

a.

Draw the enantiomer of the following monosaccharides, and in each pair identify the D sugar and the L sugar.

b.

Identify each of the following as the D or L enantiomer:

a.

Draw the Fischer projection for the other enantiomer of a to b in problem 13.21.

a.

b.

Draw the Fischer projection for the other enantiomer of c to d in problem 13.21.

c.

d.

Draw the Fischer projections for D-glucose and L-glucose.

The sugar d-gulose is a sweet-tasting syrup.

a. Draw the Fischer projection for L-gulose.

Identify the following monosaccharides as the D- or the L-isomer:

(a)

Use the structure of d-galactose in Problem 6.15 to answer the following: 

(b) Draw the Fischer projection of L-galactose.

How are the following pairs of carbohydrates, shown in a Fischer projection, related to each other? Are they structural isomers, enantiomers, diastereomers, or epimers? Identify each as the D- or L-isomer. 

(b)

How are the following pairs of carbohydrates, shown in a Fischer projection, related to each other? Are they structural isomers, enantiomers, diastereomers, or epimers? Identify each as the D- or L-isomer.

(a)