20. Heat and Temperature

Uneven heating of the Earth's surface by the sun causes which of the following phenomena?

In the context of heat transfer, where does heat naturally flow from your body when you are in a cooler environment?$Q$

Which of the following factors directly affect the rate of heat flow through a material?

Which of the following is not a common form of heat transfer?

Why is heat transfer considered a nonequilibrium phenomenon?

Which of the following is the primary mechanism by which energy is transferred from $\mathrm{Earth}’s$ surface to $\mathrm{Earth}’s$ atmosphere?

Which of the following best describes how $\mathrm{thermal energy}$ is transferred during $\mathrm{conduction}$?

Which of the following situations is an example of transferring heat by means of $\mathrm{convection}$?

Through which of the following ways does the $\mathrm{Sun}$ primarily transfer its $\mathrm{heat}$ energy to the $\mathrm{Earth}$?

The temperature within the Earth’s crust increases about 1.0 C° for each 30 m of depth. The thermal conductivity of the crust is 0.80 J/s C°. Determine the heat transferred from the interior to the surface for the entire Earth in 1.0 h.

In the context of heat transfer, what is always the direction of heat flow between two objects?

A cubic Styrofoam cooler containing ice on a hot day is shown in the following figure. The thickness of each wall of the cooler is 15 mm, with a side length of 1 m. If it is 40°C outside, how long will 2 kg of ice last in the cooler? Assume that during the melting process, the temperature inside the cooler remains at 0°C and that no heat enters from the bottom of the cooler. Note that the latent heat of fusion for water is 334 kJ/kg and the thermal conductivity of Styrofoam is 0.033 W/mK.

If the intensity of sunlight measured at the Earth's surface is 1400 W/m² , what is the surface temperature of the Sun? Treat the Sun like a true blackbody. Note that the distance from the Earth to the Sun is 1.5 x 10¹¹ m and the radius of the Sun is 696 million meters.

300g of water at 40°C is in an insulated cup. What mass of copper at 500°C must be added to heat the water to 60°C?