2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

Carbohydrates

Textbook Question
What are the primary functions of carbohydrates in cells?a. cell identity, energy storage, raw material source for synthesis, and structureb. catalysis, energy storage, metabolism, and structurec. catalysis, digestion, energy storage, and information storaged. energy storage, information storage, polymerization, and raw material source for synthesis
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Textbook Question
Which of the differences listed here could be found among molecules of the same monosaccharide? Select True or False for each statement.T/F There is a difference in the orientation of a hydroxyl group in the ring form.T/F There is a difference in the number of carbons.T/F There is a difference in the position of the carbonyl group in the linear form.T/F There is a difference in the overall shape of the molecule—one is a ring and the other is linear.
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Textbook Question
VISUAL SKILLS Choose the term that correctly describes the relationship between these two sugar molecules: a. structural isomersb. cis-trans isomersc. enantiomersd. isotopes
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Textbook Question
Although cellulose and starch are identical in terms of stored chemical energy, our ability to harvest the energy from these two polysaccharides differs considerably. What is responsible for this difference?
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Textbook Question
Contrast the structure of glycogen and chitin in terms of their monosaccharides, glycosidic linkages, and interactions between polysaccharide chains.
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Textbook Question
Lysozyme, an enzyme found in human saliva, tears, and other secretions, catalyzes the hydrolysis of the ββ-1,4-glycosidic linkages in peptidoglycan. Predict the effect of this enzyme on bacteria and how it may be involved in human health.
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Textbook Question
Galactosemia is a potentially fatal disease that occurs in humans who lack the enzyme that converts galactose to glucose. If you were a physician treating a person with this disease, which of the following would you have them exclude from their diet?a. maltoseb. starchc. mannosed. lactose
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Textbook Question
Sucrose is broken down in your intestine to the monosaccharides glucose and fructose, which are then absorbed into your blood. What is the name of this type of reaction? Using this diagram of sucrose, show how this would occur.
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Textbook Question
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
Carbohydrates are the main source of fuel for the human body.
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Textbook Question
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
The main storage form of glucose in the human body is starch.
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Textbook Question
The polysaccharide cellulose is not digestible by humans, as we lack the enzyme cellulase, which is required to break it down. Certain dietary supplements contain the enzyme cellulase and claim that being able to break down cellulose will help a person lose weight. But what do you think would happen if we could digest the cellulose we ate?
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Textbook Question
Which of the following molecules is an inorganic molecule?
a. Sucrose
b. Cholesterol
c. Collagen
d. Sodium chloride
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Textbook Question
A triglyceride consists of:
a. Glycerol plus three fatty acids
b. A sugar-phosphate backbone to which two amino groups are attached
c. Two to several hexoses
d. Amino acids that have been thoroughly saturated with hydrogen
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Textbook Question
The lipid(s) used as the basis of vitamin D, sex hormones, and bile salts is/are:
a. Triglycerides
b. Cholesterol
c. Phospholipids
d. Prostaglandin
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Textbook Question
A chemist, during the course of an analysis, runs across a chemical composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the proportion 1:2:1 and having a six-sided molecular shape. It is probably:
a. A pentose
b. An amino acid
c. A fatty acid
d. A monosaccharide
e. A nucleic acid
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