2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components

How many moles of aspirin, C₉H₈O₄, are in a bottle containing 450 g by weight? (Note: The approximate atomic weights of its atoms are C = 12, H = 1, and O = 16.)

Glucose is to starch as:

a. A steroid is to a lipid

b. A nucleotide is to a nucleic acid

c. An amino acid is to a protein

d. A polypeptide is to an amino acid

What lipid type is stored in fat deposits beneath the skin?

a. Triglyceride

b. Steroid

c. Vitamin D

d. Phospholipid

e. Prostaglandin

Absence of which of the following nitrogen-containing bases would prevent RNA synthesis?

a. Adenine

b. Cytosine

c. Guanine

d. Thymine

e. Uracil

The element(s) essential for normal thyroid function is/are:

a. Iodine

b. Iron

c. Copper

d. Selenium

e. Zinc

Which of the following forms the basic structure of cell membranes?

Which is the basis for producing sex hormones?

Name and provide the atomic symbols of the four elements that make up the bulk of all living matter. Which of these is found primarily in proteins and nucleic acids?

What are hydrogen bonds, and how are they important in the body?

Distinguish inorganic from organic compounds, and list the major categories of each in the body.

Sarah has a lower than normal amount of body fat. She tends to be chilly except on very hot days. Lauren has a higher than normal amount of body fat and tends to feel overheated most of the time. Explain the relative sensitivity to environmental temperature of these two women on the basis of information you have been given in the Organic Compounds section of this chapter.

All organic compounds in the human body contain all of the following elements except

(a) Hydrogen

(b) Oxygen

(c) Carbon

(d) Calcium

(e) Both a and d

What four major classes of organic compounds (polymers) are found in the body?

List three important functions of triglycerides (neutral fats) in the body.

A dehydration synthesis reaction between glycerol and a single fatty acid would yield a(n)

(a) Micelle

(b) Omega-3 fatty acid

(c) Triglyceride

(d) Monoglyceride

(e) Diglyceride

A sample that contains an organic molecule has the following constituents: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Is the molecule more likely to be a carbohydrate, a lipid, a protein, or a nucleic acid?