3. Energy & Cell Processes

Describe what takes place during a chemical reaction.

Which of the following would not result in an increase in reaction rate?

a. Increase in temperature

b. Particles in the solid phase

c. Presence of a catalyst

d. Smaller particle size

The following equation, which represents the oxidative breakdown of glucose by body cells, is a reversible reaction. Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + ATP

How can you indicate that the reaction is reversible?

How can you indicate that the reaction is in chemical equilibrium?

Define chemical equilibrium

Factors that accelerate the rate of chemical reactions include all but:

a. The presence of catalysts

b. Increasing the temperature

c. Increasing the particle size

d. Increasing the concentration of the reactants

Identify each reaction as one of the following:

a. A synthesis reaction

b. A decomposition reaction

c. An exchange reaction

(1) 2Hg + O₂ → 2HgO

(2) HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O

Factors that increase the speed of chemical reactions include:

a. Increasing the temperature

b. Increasing the particle size

c. Increasing the concentration of the reactants

d. Catalysts

Identify each of the following reactions as a synthesis, decomposition, or exchange reaction:

2Hg + O₂ 2HgO

Fe²¹ + CuSO₄ → FeSO₄ + Cu²¹

HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O

HNO₃ → H⁺ + NO₃⁻

What is the following type of decomposition reaction called?

ABCD + H₂O → ABCH + DOH

Which of the following chemical equations illustrates a typical decomposition reaction?

a. A + B → AB

b. AB + CD → AD + CB

c. 2A₂+ B₂ → 2A₂B

d. AB → A + B

The speed, or rate, of a chemical reaction is influenced by

(a) The presence of catalysts

(b) The temperature

(c) The concentration of the reactants

(d) a, b, and c are all correct

In an exergonic reaction,

(a) Large molecules are broken down into smaller ones.

(b) Small molecules are assembled into larger ones.

(c) Molecules are rearranged to form new molecules.

(d) Molecules move from reactants to products and back.

(e) Energy is released during the reaction.

Every year dozens of elderly people are found dead in their unheated apartments and listed as victims of hypothermia. What is hypothermia, and how does it kill? Why are the elderly more susceptible to hypothermia than the young?