When doing synthesis, you will often find yourself repeating the same series of steps. To see this in action, synthesize the following aldehydes beginning with an organic molecule containing three carbons or fewer.

(d)

Beginning with the molecules on the left of each chemical equation, synthesize the molecules shown. While there can be multiple ways of doing each synthesis, the minimum number of steps necessary is indicated over each reaction arrow.

(a)

Beginning with the molecules on the left of each chemical equation, synthesize the molecules shown. While there can be multiple ways of doing each synthesis, the minimum number of steps necessary is indicated over each reaction arrow.

(b)

Beginning with the molecules on the left of each chemical equation, synthesize the molecules shown. While there can be multiple ways of doing each synthesis, the minimum number of steps necessary is indicated over each reaction arrow.

(c)

Name the following alkynes according to the IUPAC rules of nomenclature.

(b)

Name the following alkynes according to the IUPAC rules of nomenclature.

(c)

Name the following alkynes according to the IUPAC rules of nomenclature.

(d)

Draw the molecular orbital picture of pent-1-en-3-yne.

To which carbon would you expect an electrophile to add (1, 3, or 4)? Explain your answer.

For the alkynes shows here, show the product(s) expected to form when treated under the following conditions: (i) H₂ , Pd/C; If you expect two products, show both.

(c)

For the alkynes shows here, show the product(s) expected to form when treated under the following conditions: (ii) H₂, Pd/C, Pb(OAc)₂ , CaCO₃ (Lindlar's catalyst). If you expect two products, show both.

(c)

For the alkynes shows here, show the product(s) expected to form when treated under the following conditions: (iii) Na⁰ , NH₃ (liquid), ―33°C . If you expect two products, show both.

(c)

For the alkynes shows here, show the product(s) expected to form when treated under the following conditions: (iv) HBr (1 equiv.). If you expect two products, show both.

(c)

For the alkynes shows here, show the product(s) expected to form when treated under the following conditions: (v) HCl (2 equiv.). If you expect two products, show both.

(c)

For the alkynes shows here, show the product(s) expected to form when treated under the following conditions: (vi) H₂SO₄, HgSO₄, H₂O. If you expect two products, show both.

(c)

For the alkynes shows here, show the product(s) expected to form when treated under the following conditions: (vii) 1. BH₃ 2. H₂O₂, NaOH. If you expect two products, show both.

(c)

For the alkynes shows here, show the product(s) expected to form when treated under the following conditions: (viii) Cl₂ (1 equiv.). If you expect two products, show both.

(c)

For the alkynes shows here, show the product(s) expected to form when treated under the following conditions: (ix) Br₂ (2 equiv.). If you expect two products, show both.

(c)

For the alkynes shows here, show the product(s) expected to form when treated under the following conditions: (ix) Br₂ (2 equiv.). If you expect two products, show both.

(f)

Show the products of the following acetylide alkylation reactions. [Make sure your product has the correct number of carbons.]

(a)

Show the products of the following acetylide alkylation reactions. [Make sure your product has the correct number of carbons.]

(b)

Show the products of the following acetylide alkylation reactions. [Make sure your product has the correct number of carbons.]

(c)

Show the products of the following acetylide alkylation reactions. [Make sure your product has the correct number of carbons.]

(d)

Complete the following synthesis by providing the necessary reagents.

Suggest a method for synthesizing the following alkynes using an alkyne and an alkyl halide. [There are two correct answers for each product.]

(a)

Suggest a method for synthesizing the following alkynes using an alkyne and an alkyl halide. [There are two correct answers for each product.]

(c)

Beginning with the molecules on the left, provide a synthesis of the molecule on the right. The ideal number of steps is indicated over the reaction arrow, although there may be alternate routes worth considering.

(a)

Beginning with the molecules on the left, provide a synthesis of the molecule on the right. The ideal number of steps is indicated over the reaction arrow, although there may be alternate routes worth considering.

(b)

Synthesize the following molecules beginning with only organic molecules containing three carbons or fewer.

(b)

Synthesize the following molecules beginning with only organic molecules containing three carbons or fewer.

(e)