Textbook Question
How many electrons does an atom of each of the following elements need to gain to achieve a noble gas configuration? By gaining that many electrons, which noble gas configuration is achieved?
(b) Iodine
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Ch. 2 - General Chemistry Translated: Finding the Electrons
Mullins1st EditionOrganic Chemistry: A Learner Centered ApproachISBN: 9780137566471
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Table of contents
- Ch. 2 - General Chemistry Translated: Finding the Electrons114
- Ch. 3 - Alkanes and Cycloalkanes: Properties and Conformational Analysis109
- Ch. 4 - Acids and Bases: Electron Flow144
- Ch. 5 - Chemical Reaction Analysis: Thermodynamics and Kinetics118
- Ch. 6 - Stereoisomerism: Arrangement of Atoms in Space112
- Ch. 7 - Principles of Green (Organic) Chemistry3
- Ch. 8 - Alkenes I: Properties and Electrophilic Additions158
- Ch. 9 - Alkenes II: Oxidation and Reduction150
- Ch. 10 - Alkynes: Electrophilic Addition and Redox Reactions101
- Ch. 11 - Properties and Synthesis of Alkyl Halides: Radical Reactions108
- Ch. 12 - Substitution and Elimination: Reactions of Haloalkanes172
- Ch. 13 - Alcohols, Ethers and Related Compounds: Substitution and Elimination239
- Ch. 14 - Structural Identification I: Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry54
- Ch. 15 - Structural Identification II: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy93
- Ch. 16 - Metals in Organic Chemistry48
- Ch. 17 - Carbonyl Addition Reactions: Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch. 18 - Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution I: Carboxylic Acids18
- Ch. 19 - Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution II: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives39
- Ch. 20 - Enolates: Carbonyl Addition and Substitution13
- Ch. 21 - Conjugated Systems I: Stability and Addition Reactions56
- Ch. 22 - Conjugated Systems II: Pericyclic Reactions54
- Ch. 23 - Benzene I: Aromatic Stability and Substitution Reactions64
- Ch. 24 - Benzene II: Reactions Influenced by the Aromatic Ring62
- Ch. 25 - Amines: Structure, Reactions, and Synthesis27
- Ch. 26 - Amino Acids, Proteins, and Peptide Synthesis9
- Ch. 27 - Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids, and Lipids54
Mullins1st EditionOrganic Chemistry: A Learner Centered ApproachISBN: 9780137566471Not the one you use?Change textbook
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Mullins 1st EditionCh. 2 - General Chemistry Translated: Finding the ElectronsProblem 14d
Mullins 1st EditionCh. 2 - General Chemistry Translated: Finding the ElectronsProblem 14dChapter 1, Problem 14d
How many electrons does an atom of each of the following elements need to lose to achieve a noble gas configuration? By losing that many electrons, which noble gas configuration is achieved?
(d) Potassium
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Determine the atomic number of potassium (K) from the periodic table. Potassium has an atomic number of 19, meaning it has 19 protons and, in its neutral state, 19 electrons.
Write the electron configuration of potassium. The configuration is: . Notice that the outermost electron is in the 4s orbital.
To achieve a noble gas configuration, potassium needs to lose its single 4s electron. This will leave it with the electron configuration of , which corresponds to the noble gas argon (Ar).
Identify the number of electrons lost. Potassium loses 1 electron to achieve the noble gas configuration of argon.
Conclude that potassium needs to lose 1 electron to achieve the noble gas configuration of argon (Ar).
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Noble Gas Configuration
Noble gas configuration refers to the electron arrangement of noble gases, which have full outer electron shells, making them stable and unreactive. Atoms tend to lose, gain, or share electrons to achieve this stable configuration, typically resembling that of the nearest noble gas in the periodic table.
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02:14
The Electron Configuration
Ionization and Electron Loss
Ionization is the process by which an atom loses or gains electrons to form ions. For metals like potassium, losing electrons results in a positively charged ion (cation). Understanding how many electrons an atom needs to lose to reach a noble gas configuration is crucial for predicting its chemical behavior.
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Periodic Table Trends
The periodic table organizes elements based on their atomic number and electron configurations, revealing trends in reactivity and ionization. Elements in the same group, like alkali metals including potassium, exhibit similar properties, such as the tendency to lose one electron to achieve a stable noble gas configuration, specifically that of argon.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
How many electrons does an atom of each of the following elements need to lose to achieve a noble gas configuration? By losing that many electrons, which noble gas configuration is achieved?
(b) Aluminum
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Textbook Question
How many electrons does an atom of each of the following elements need to gain to achieve a noble gas configuration? By gaining that many electrons, which noble gas configuration is achieved?
(a) Oxygen
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Textbook Question
How many electrons does an atom of each of the following elements need to lose to achieve a noble gas configuration? By losing that many electrons, which noble gas configuration is achieved?
(c) Magnesium
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Textbook Question
How many electrons does an atom of each of the following elements need to gain to achieve a noble gas configuration? By gaining that many electrons, which noble gas configuration is achieved?
(c) Phosphorus
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Textbook Question
How many electrons does an atom of each of the following elements need to lose to achieve a noble gas configuration? By losing that many electrons, which noble gas configuration is achieved?
(a) Beryllium
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