Textbook Question
How many electrons does an atom of each of the following elements need to gain to achieve a noble gas configuration? By gaining that many electrons, which noble gas configuration is achieved?
(a) Oxygen
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Ch. 2 - General Chemistry Translated: Finding the Electrons
Mullins1st EditionOrganic Chemistry: A Learner Centered ApproachISBN: 9780137566471
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Table of contents
- Ch. 2 - General Chemistry Translated: Finding the Electrons114
- Ch. 3 - Alkanes and Cycloalkanes: Properties and Conformational Analysis109
- Ch. 4 - Acids and Bases: Electron Flow144
- Ch. 5 - Chemical Reaction Analysis: Thermodynamics and Kinetics118
- Ch. 6 - Stereoisomerism: Arrangement of Atoms in Space112
- Ch. 7 - Principles of Green (Organic) Chemistry3
- Ch. 8 - Alkenes I: Properties and Electrophilic Additions158
- Ch. 9 - Alkenes II: Oxidation and Reduction150
- Ch. 10 - Alkynes: Electrophilic Addition and Redox Reactions101
- Ch. 11 - Properties and Synthesis of Alkyl Halides: Radical Reactions108
- Ch. 12 - Substitution and Elimination: Reactions of Haloalkanes172
- Ch. 13 - Alcohols, Ethers and Related Compounds: Substitution and Elimination239
- Ch. 14 - Structural Identification I: Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry54
- Ch. 15 - Structural Identification II: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy93
- Ch. 16 - Metals in Organic Chemistry48
- Ch. 17 - Carbonyl Addition Reactions: Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch. 18 - Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution I: Carboxylic Acids18
- Ch. 19 - Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution II: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives39
- Ch. 20 - Enolates: Carbonyl Addition and Substitution13
- Ch. 21 - Conjugated Systems I: Stability and Addition Reactions56
- Ch. 22 - Conjugated Systems II: Pericyclic Reactions54
- Ch. 23 - Benzene I: Aromatic Stability and Substitution Reactions64
- Ch. 24 - Benzene II: Reactions Influenced by the Aromatic Ring62
- Ch. 25 - Amines: Structure, Reactions, and Synthesis27
- Ch. 26 - Amino Acids, Proteins, and Peptide Synthesis9
- Ch. 27 - Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids, and Lipids54
Mullins1st EditionOrganic Chemistry: A Learner Centered ApproachISBN: 9780137566471Not the one you use?Change textbook
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Mullins 1st EditionCh. 2 - General Chemistry Translated: Finding the ElectronsProblem 15b
Mullins 1st EditionCh. 2 - General Chemistry Translated: Finding the ElectronsProblem 15bChapter 1, Problem 15b
How many electrons does an atom of each of the following elements need to gain to achieve a noble gas configuration? By gaining that many electrons, which noble gas configuration is achieved?
(b) Iodine
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Determine the group number of iodine in the periodic table. Iodine is in Group 17 (halogens), which means it has 7 valence electrons.
Recall that atoms achieve a noble gas configuration by having a full octet (8 valence electrons) in their outermost shell. Iodine needs to gain electrons to complete its octet.
Calculate the number of electrons iodine needs to gain to reach 8 valence electrons. Since iodine has 7 valence electrons, it needs to gain 1 electron.
Identify the noble gas configuration iodine will achieve after gaining 1 electron. By gaining 1 electron, iodine will have the same electron configuration as xenon (Xe), the noble gas in Period 5.
Summarize: Iodine needs to gain 1 electron to achieve a noble gas configuration, specifically the configuration of xenon (Xe).
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Noble Gas Configuration
Noble gas configuration refers to the electron arrangement of noble gases, which have full outer electron shells, making them stable and unreactive. Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve this stable configuration, typically resembling the nearest noble gas in the periodic table.
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The Electron Configuration
Electron Affinity
Electron affinity is the energy change that occurs when an atom gains an electron. Elements with high electron affinity tend to gain electrons easily, which is crucial for understanding how many electrons an atom like iodine needs to gain to reach a noble gas configuration.
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Periodic Table Trends
Periodic table trends, such as electronegativity and ionization energy, help predict how elements will behave in terms of gaining or losing electrons. For example, elements in Group 17, like iodine, typically gain one electron to achieve a stable noble gas configuration, which in this case is that of xenon.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Give the charge most likely to result from ionization of the following metals.
(a) Lithium
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Textbook Question
How many electrons does an atom of each of the following elements need to lose to achieve a noble gas configuration? By losing that many electrons, which noble gas configuration is achieved?
(c) Magnesium
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Textbook Question
How many electrons does an atom of each of the following elements need to gain to achieve a noble gas configuration? By gaining that many electrons, which noble gas configuration is achieved?
(c) Phosphorus
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Textbook Question
How many electrons does an atom of each of the following elements need to lose to achieve a noble gas configuration? By losing that many electrons, which noble gas configuration is achieved?
(d) Potassium
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Textbook Question
How many electrons does an atom of each of the following elements need to gain to achieve a noble gas configuration? By gaining that many electrons, which noble gas configuration is achieved?
(d) Chlorine
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