Textbook Question
How many electrons does an atom of each of the following elements need to gain to achieve a noble gas configuration? By gaining that many electrons, which noble gas configuration is achieved?
(b) Iodine
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Ch. 2 - General Chemistry Translated: Finding the Electrons
Mullins1st EditionOrganic Chemistry: A Learner Centered ApproachISBN: 9780137566471
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Table of contents
- Ch. 2 - General Chemistry Translated: Finding the Electrons114
- Ch. 3 - Alkanes and Cycloalkanes: Properties and Conformational Analysis109
- Ch. 4 - Acids and Bases: Electron Flow144
- Ch. 5 - Chemical Reaction Analysis: Thermodynamics and Kinetics118
- Ch. 6 - Stereoisomerism: Arrangement of Atoms in Space112
- Ch. 7 - Principles of Green (Organic) Chemistry3
- Ch. 8 - Alkenes I: Properties and Electrophilic Additions158
- Ch. 9 - Alkenes II: Oxidation and Reduction150
- Ch. 10 - Alkynes: Electrophilic Addition and Redox Reactions101
- Ch. 11 - Properties and Synthesis of Alkyl Halides: Radical Reactions108
- Ch. 12 - Substitution and Elimination: Reactions of Haloalkanes172
- Ch. 13 - Alcohols, Ethers and Related Compounds: Substitution and Elimination239
- Ch. 14 - Structural Identification I: Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry54
- Ch. 15 - Structural Identification II: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy93
- Ch. 16 - Metals in Organic Chemistry48
- Ch. 17 - Carbonyl Addition Reactions: Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch. 18 - Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution I: Carboxylic Acids18
- Ch. 19 - Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution II: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives39
- Ch. 20 - Enolates: Carbonyl Addition and Substitution13
- Ch. 21 - Conjugated Systems I: Stability and Addition Reactions56
- Ch. 22 - Conjugated Systems II: Pericyclic Reactions54
- Ch. 23 - Benzene I: Aromatic Stability and Substitution Reactions64
- Ch. 24 - Benzene II: Reactions Influenced by the Aromatic Ring62
- Ch. 25 - Amines: Structure, Reactions, and Synthesis27
- Ch. 26 - Amino Acids, Proteins, and Peptide Synthesis9
- Ch. 27 - Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids, and Lipids54
Mullins1st EditionOrganic Chemistry: A Learner Centered ApproachISBN: 9780137566471Not the one you use?Change textbook
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Mullins 1st EditionCh. 2 - General Chemistry Translated: Finding the ElectronsProblem 15d
Mullins 1st EditionCh. 2 - General Chemistry Translated: Finding the ElectronsProblem 15dChapter 1, Problem 15d
How many electrons does an atom of each of the following elements need to gain to achieve a noble gas configuration? By gaining that many electrons, which noble gas configuration is achieved?
(d) Chlorine
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Determine the group number of chlorine in the periodic table. Chlorine is in Group 17 (halogens), which means it has 7 valence electrons.
Recall that a noble gas configuration corresponds to a full outer shell of electrons. For most elements, this means achieving 8 valence electrons (the octet rule).
Calculate how many electrons chlorine needs to gain to reach 8 valence electrons. Since chlorine has 7 valence electrons, it needs to gain 1 electron.
Identify the noble gas configuration achieved by gaining 1 electron. Chlorine (atomic number 17) will have 18 electrons after gaining 1 electron, which corresponds to the electron configuration of argon (atomic number 18).
Conclude that chlorine needs to gain 1 electron to achieve the noble gas configuration of argon.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Noble Gas Configuration
Noble gas configuration refers to the electron arrangement of noble gases, which have full outer electron shells, making them stable and unreactive. Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve this stable configuration, typically resembling that of the nearest noble gas in the periodic table.
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The Electron Configuration
Electron Affinity
Electron affinity is the energy change that occurs when an atom gains an electron. Elements with high electron affinity, like chlorine, readily accept electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration, often resulting in the formation of negative ions (anions) that correspond to noble gas configurations.
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Periodic Table Trends
Periodic table trends refer to the predictable patterns observed in the properties of elements, such as electronegativity, ionization energy, and electron affinity. Understanding these trends helps in predicting how many electrons an element will gain or lose to achieve a noble gas configuration, particularly for nonmetals like chlorine.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
How many electrons does an atom of each of the following elements need to gain to achieve a noble gas configuration? By gaining that many electrons, which noble gas configuration is achieved?
(a) Oxygen
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Textbook Question
Give the charge most likely to result from ionization of the following metals.
(a) Lithium
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Textbook Question
How many electrons does an atom of each of the following elements need to gain to achieve a noble gas configuration? By gaining that many electrons, which noble gas configuration is achieved?
(c) Phosphorus
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Textbook Question
Give the charge most likely to result from ionization of the following metals.
(b) Aluminum
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Textbook Question
Give the charge most likely to result from ionization of the following metals.
(c) Potassium
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